Games such as the classic arcade pacman, zelda, spiderman, batman and many other titles from SEGA, Nintendo, Neo Geo, Atari and more. There are quite a few emulators out there to emulate all sorts of different games and computer systems. The emulator may translate machine language, calls to the operating system or both.
Today, 'emulator' more often refers to software, which provides a translation layer from the emulated computer to the computer it is running in.
In the past, it was often a hardware add-on that actually contained an instruction execution module for the emulated computer. Hardware, software or a combination of the two that enables a computer to act like another computer and run applications written for that computer.
A game emulator (video game console emulator) is a program that allows the user to use their modern day computer to emulate a video game console generally written in different code.